Final answer:
A monohybrid cross is a mating between two true-breeding individuals homozygous for one gene, resulting in heterozygous F1 offspring. A Punnett square can predict the outcome of this cross.
Step-by-step explanation:
A monohybrid cross refers to a mating between two individuals that are both homozygous for one particular gene, but not necessarily for two genes as suggested in the question. To explain using an example, let's look at Mendel's pea plant experiments. When two true-breeding pea plants with different traits, such as yellow seeds (YY) and green seeds (yy), breed, all offspring in the F1 generation will be heterozyous (Yy) and express the dominant yellow seed trait. A Punnett square can be utilized to display the mating outcomes, reflecting the meiotic segregation of parent alleles into gametes.
In the Punnett square, each box represents one potential genotypic outcome for the offspring, which can be used to predict phenotypic ratios based on patterns of inheritance. When two true-breeding parents are crossed in a monohybrid cross, the offspring will all be heterozygous for the trait in question and display the dominant phenotype if one exists.
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