Final answer:
The two identical chromatids attached at their centromeres before separation occur in eukaryotic cell division, in both mitosis and meiosis, but not in bacterial cell division.
Step-by-step explanation:
During cell division processes such as mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells, chromosomes replicate during the S phase to form two identical copies called sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are joined together at a central region known as the centromere. The centromere holds the chromatids together with specific proteins called cohesins until they are ready to be separated later in the process.
In contrast, bacterial cells divide by binary fission and do not form sister chromatids attached at a centromere. Instead, their single bacterial chromosome is replicated, and each copy attaches to different parts of the cell membrane prior to segregation.
Given these differences, the process described in the question pertains to eukaryotic cell division and does not occur in bacteria. During eukaryotic cell division, specifically in the stages following metaphase, microtubules attached to the kinetochores at the centromeres of the sister chromatids pull them apart toward opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic information.