Final answer:
The statement 'vector v(10);' in C++ creates a vector object named 'v' with a starting size of 10 elements, which are default-initialized.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement vector v(10); refers to the creation of a vector object in programming, more specifically in C++ language. The correct answer to what this statement does is: It creates a vector object with a starting size of 10. This means that the vector v is initialized with 10 elements, and these elements are default-initialized, which typically means they are initialized to zero for fundamental types. It's important to distinguish between vectors in programming and vectors in mathematics or physics. In the latter, a vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.