Final answer:
Most people heard the instrumental works of nineteenth century composers in concert halls or as piano transcriptions. Recordings existed but were not widespread due to the limitations of early recording technology. Public concerts and evolved piano mechanics allowed music to be more accessible.
Step-by-step explanation:
The instrumental works of composers in the nineteenth century were primarily heard by most people in concert halls and as transcriptions for piano. The rise of the middle class and the increasing demand for music led to a greater number of public concerts and festivals, where large audiences enjoyed live performances. Additionally, the improvements in the mechanics of the piano allowed for widespread dissemination of music through transcriptions, making it possible for music to be played and enjoyed in homes.
Though recordings existed late in the 19th century, they were not a common medium for the majority of people to hear music due to the infancy of recording technology during that era. Thus, while early recordings did exist, they were not the primary way most people would have experienced instrumental works.
Composers such as Brahms, Tchaikovsky, and Chopin became well-known, with their music being played in various settings, pushing the boundaries of classical music and embracing the rules established during the Classical period. The evolution of musical instruments and public engagement with music directly influenced the expansion and reach of Romantic music.