Final answer:
LTP is a neuronal process involving the strengthening of synapses through increased AMPA receptors as a result of repeated stimulation, critical for learning and memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term potentiation (LTP) involves structural changes in the postsynaptic cell that enhance synaptic strength and communication between neurons. This process is key to synaptic plasticity, which is crucial for learning and memory. The primary mechanism behind LTP includes the activation of NMDA receptors and subsequent insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. Upon repeated stimulation, calcium entry through NMDA receptors leads to a cascade that increases the number of AMPA receptors, thereby making the postsynaptic neuron more responsive to glutamate. In contrast, long-term depression (LTD) involves the removal of AMPA receptors, which decreases synaptic strength.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of a synaptic connection. One mechanism behind LTP involves the activation of NMDA receptors by depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron, which allows Ca²+ ions to enter the cell. These Ca²+ ions initiate a signaling cascade that leads to the insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. The presence of more AMPA receptors allows for a larger excitatory effect on the postsynaptic cell, strengthening the synapse and making the postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire in response to neurotransmitter release.