Final answer:
Social scientists like Eagly believe that psychological sex differences arise from cultural and social influences, rather than biological dispositions, which supports the notion that gender roles are learned and vary across cultures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Many social scientists, such as Eagly, attribute psychological sex differences not to biologically evolved dispositions, but to cultural and social factors. For example, Horney suggested that any jealousy women might feel towards men is more likely based on cultural reasons, stemming from men's greater privileges, thus postulating that personality differences between genders are culturally rather than biologically based. Additionally, sociocultural theories propose that gender categories, which dictate behaviors, relationships, responsibilities, and rights, are learned and vary across societies and time periods. Sociobiological perspectives from the 1970s claimed natural evolutionary bases for gender roles, but contemporary research often emphasizes the flexibility of human biology and the significant role that cultural and social environments play in shaping behavior and attitudes towards gender and sexuality.