Final answer:
The latitude of a location determines the angle at which the sun's rays hit the Earth's surface, influencing the climate. Areas closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer climates. Areas closer to the poles receive less direct sunlight, leading to cooler climates.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between latitude, the sun, and climate is that the latitude of a location determines the angle at which the sun's rays hit the Earth's surface, which influences the climate of that region. Areas closer to the equator, with lower latitudes, receive more direct sunlight throughout the year, resulting in warmer climates. Conversely, areas closer to the poles, with higher latitudes, receive less direct sunlight, leading to cooler climates. This is due to the tilt of the Earth's axis and how it affects the angle of sunlight.