Question

Hard quotas:

a. represent a mandate to hire or promote specific numbers or proportions of women or minority group members. b. systematically favor women and minorities in hiring and promotion decisions
c. are a concerted effort by an organization to actively expand its pool of applicants so that no one is excluded because of past or present discrimination.
O are a commitment to treat all races and both sexes equally in all decisions about hiring, promotion, and pay.​

Answer 1

Hard quotas pertain to the mandated hiring or promotion of specific numbers of women or minority group members, often associated with aggressive affirmative action efforts.

These have been controversial and legally challenged, leading to a more general affirmative action approach focused on diversity and outreach without specific quotas.

Step-by-step explanation:

Quotas were more aggressive forms of affirmative action, which required hiring a specific number or percentage of minority employees, but such practices have been scaled back following rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Hard quotas refer to the practice of mandating specific numbers or proportions of women or minority group members to be hired or promoted within an organization.

This approach is associated with affirmative action, which encompasses active efforts to increase the representation of these groups in areas where they have been historically underrepresented and discriminated against. However, the use of hard quotas has been met with controversy and legal challenges.

The goal of affirmative action is more broadly to encourage diversity and remediate past discrimination through outreach efforts and recruitment, without mandating specific quotas.