Final answer:
The early government of Athens before democracy was known as an oligarchy, where power was held by a few noble families. This form evolved as socio-economic changes prompted increased participation, leading to the establishment of Athenian democracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Early Athenian government before the implementation of democracy was indeed controlled by a small group of powerful and wealthy families. This form of governance is known as an oligarchy, where political power is held by a few individuals or families. The rule by these noble families was characterized by the exclusive holding of power, and they were influential in the political and social aspects of Athens.
During the Archaic Age, the Greek city-states underwent significant transformations leading to the emergence of various forms of governance, including oligarchy and democracy. In areas like Sparta, oligarchy was the predominant system, whereas Athens transitioned to what became the renowned Athenian democracy. This development reflected the increasing socio-economic changes and the evolving political consciousness among the citizens, laying the groundwork for a more inclusive system that eventually allowed all free adult males to participate in decision-making processes through the Athenian Assembly.
However, the path to Athenian democracy was a complex one, marked by economic struggles, legal reforms, and the aspiration for greater civic participation. The reforms initiated by influential lawmakers such as Solon helped pave the way for the eventual establishment of democratic institutions, a stark contrast to the oligarchic rule of early Athens.