Final answer:
Stress can result from physiological effects such as prolonged heavy exercise, infection, pain, shock, and sleep deprivation. These physiological responses to stress can lead to various health problems and diseases, including heart disease, weakened immune system functioning, and mental health disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
Stress can result from physiological effects such as prolonged heavy exercise, infection, pain, shock, and sleep deprivation. These physiological responses to stress can lead to various health problems and diseases, including heart disease, weakened immune system functioning, and mental health disorders. For example, individuals who experience chronic stress may be at an increased risk for heart attacks, depression, and suppressed immune response. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d. All of the above.