Question

The following are examples of Theory X assumptions EXCEPT:

a. People need to be coerced into being productive.
b. People prefer to be directed and therefore avoid responsibility.
c. People are bright and capable but underutilized in most organizations.
d. People do not like to work and try to avoid it.

Answer 1

Option c, 'People are bright and capable but underutilized in most organizations,' does not reflect a Theory X assumption; it aligns with Theory Y, which views employees as naturally motivated and capable of contributing meaningfully to their work environments.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question is related to the Theory X and Theory Y concepts of management introduced by Douglas McGregor. Theory X assumes that people are inherently lazy and need to be coerced into working, while Theory Y assumes that people are self-motivated and will find fulfillment in their work if provided with the right conditions.

Among the options provided in the question, the one that does NOT represent an assumption of Theory X is c. People are bright and capable but underutilized in most organizations. This statement aligns more closely with Theory Y assumptions, which posit that given the opportunity, people will seek responsibility and contribute effectively to the organization.

Theory X and Theory Y represent different sets of assumptions made by managers about their employees’ work attitudes and motivations. Theory X managers rely on strict supervision and control, whereas Theory Y managers believe in empowering their employees and involving them in decision-making processes.