Final answer:
The process by which leaders measure, evaluate, and compare results to goals and standards previously agreed upon and take corrective action when necessary to stay on course is known as controlling.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is c) Controlling. Controlling is a process by which leaders measure, evaluate, and compare results to goals and standards previously agreed upon. It involves monitoring progress and taking corrective action when necessary to stay on course. For example, if a company sets a sales goal for a specific period, the leaders would measure the actual sales achieved during that period, compare it to the goal, and take corrective action if the sales are not on track to meet the goal.