Final answer:
The term for a disgrace or defect that suggests association with a culturally-devalued group is known as a stigma, while prejudice refers to negative attitudes based on group membership and stereotypes are oversimplified beliefs about a group.
Step-by-step explanation:
A disgrace or defect that indicates that a person belongs to a culturally-devalued group is known as a stigma. This term refers to the phenomenon where an individual's identity is diminished due to a marked characteristic that leads to them being seen as less worthy or fundamentally different. It often involves labels that turn people into a stereotype rather than recognizing them as full individuals. People with disabilities, for example, can be stigmatized and therefore only seen as 'the boy in the wheelchair' rather than being afforded a full identity.
In contrast, prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling directed towards people solely based on their membership within a certain social group. This can be based on characteristics like race, gender, or religion, among others. Stereotypes are oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group that do not take individual differences into account and can lead to prejudice when these beliefs become fixed in someone's mind.