Final answer:
The heart rate max formula (220-age) can be problematic because it does not consider individual fitness levels, variations in resting heart rate, and can inaccurately estimate the appropriate intensity for aerobic training.
Step-by-step explanation:
Using only the heart rate max formula (220-age) can create potential problems for training specificity when programming aerobic training zones due to a variety of reasons. Firstly, it doesn't consider individual fitness levels; fitness enthusiasts and athletes may have higher or lower maximum heart rates than the formula predicts. Secondly, variations in resting heart rate are not accounted for, which can lead to inaccurate exercise intensity recommendations. Thirdly, this method may underestimate or overestimate the appropriate intensity for different individuals, failing to tailor aerobic training effectively.
As HR increases, the stroke volume (SV) initially stays the same or even increases but will eventually decrease, which can lead to a decline in cardiac output (CO) at very high heart rates. Personalized measurements and monitoring are essential to ensure that aerobic training falls within the target heart rate range, ensuring both the heart and lungs receive the maximum benefit from the workout, tailored to an individual's age and fitness level.