Final answer:
Rafiq's parents toilet trained his harshly, at a young age too. According to Freud, Rafiq is likely to become either excessively neat or methodical reflecting a Compulsive Personality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rafiq's experience with being toilet trained harshly at a young age, according to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, particularly the expulsive stage, might lead to him developing certain personality traits. During the expulsive stage, which occurs from approximately 1 to 3 years of age, children begin to derive pleasure from controlling bowel and bladder functions.
Freud believed that how parents handle toilet training could impact a child's personality later in life. In Rafiq's case, because the toilet training was done in a harsh manner, he is likely to become either excessively neat or methodical, reflecting a Compulsive Personality. This personality is characterized by a compulsive need for order, neatness, and might also entail being perfectionistic. The opposing outcome of an compulsive personality could emerge if the toilet training had been too lenient instead.