Final answer:
The correct answer is featherbedding, which refers to the practice of hiring more workers than necessary to perform a certain task, often to maintain employment levels as negotiated by unions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Payment for unnecessary tasks, unneeded employees, and workers duplicating the work of others are examples of featherbedding. Featherbedding is a labor practice where employers hire more workers than are necessary for a particular task, often as a result of union negotiations trying to preserve jobs.
It does not refer to contracting work out to an external organization, which would be outsourcing, nor does it refer to the process of moving operations overseas to save on labor costs, known as offshoring. Outsourcing involves hiring outside firms to perform tasks previously done internally, potentially in another country. Offshoring happens when a company moves its own operations outside of the domestic region to gain from lower labor costs.