Final answer:
The Victorian era began in 1837 when Queen Victoria ascended the throne, marking a significant period of cultural, economic, and social reforms that reflected the values of the era. The correct option is 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Victorian era began in the year 1837. This was the year Queen Victoria ascended to the throne, marking the start of her reign which lasted until 1901.
The Victorian era is noted for its significant economic and political changes in Europe, as well as its cultural shifts and learning, collectively known as Victorianism.
This period was a time of great social reforms in Britain, reflecting the moral and bourgeois values associated with Queen Victoria's reign, despite the fact that her impact on politics was limited.
Queen Victoria's long rule, which spanned 63 years, has become symbolic of a period characterized by strict discipline, morality, and the expansion of a self-confident bourgeoisie. The correct option is 1.