Question

(1) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs) - NRTIs block reverse transcriptase, an enzyme used by HIV for reverse transcription. The reverse transcription process cannot occur without reverse transcriptase, therefore the process does not continue and HIV RNA cannot convert to HIV DNA.

Answer 1

NRTIs are a class of drugs that inhibit the HIV replication by blocking reverse transcriptase. They are a central component of ART, which combines NRTIs with other drug classes to treat HIV. The complexity of HIV's life cycle and its rapid mutation rate complicate efforts to cure the infection.

Step-by-step explanation:

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, commonly known as NRTIs, are essential drugs in the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These drugs specifically target and block the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for the HIV replication process. By inhibiting reverse transcription, NRTIs prevent the conversion of HIV RNA into DNA, thus disrupting the virus's ability to replicate and integrate into the host's genome.

Role of NRTIs in Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)

Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART), a standard treatment for AIDS, employs a combination of drugs including NRTIs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). This combination is effective in prolonging the lifespan of patients, even though the emergence of drug-resistant HIV strains presents ongoing challenges. Continuous research for new, effective treatments against these resistant strains is essential.

Classes of Anti-HIV Drugs

There are several classes of anti-HIV drugs, each targeting a specific phase of the HIV replication cycle. These include fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and CCR5 antagonists, among others. NRTIs are a key class of drugs, often used alongside others in ART, to effectively manage and treat HIV infections.

Why a Cure for HIV Infections Remains Elusive

HIV infections are challenging to cure. The virus's rapid mutation rate, due to the error-prone nature of reverse transcriptase and its lack of proofreading activity, makes it difficult for the immune system and antiviral drugs to target and eliminate the virus effectively. Antiretroviral drugs can, however, greatly increase lifespan and quality of life for those living with HIV.