Final answer:
The component not included in the Lemon Test, as it relates to the Freedom of Religion Clause of the First Amendment, is 'The law must be approved by a popular vote'. The actual prongs of the test focus on secular legislative purpose, the law not advancing or inhibiting religion, and avoiding excessive government entanglement with religion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The item that is NOT a part of the three-prong Lemon Test to decide whether or not a state law violated the 1st Amendment's Freedom of Religion Clause is d) The law must be approved by a popular vote. The three essential prongs of the Lemon Test are:
The law must have a secular legislative purpose.
The primary effect of the law must not be to advance or inhibit religion.
The law must not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion.
The Lemon Test was established by the Supreme Court to evaluate laws in light of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, which seeks to maintain a separation between church and state. Approval by popular vote is not a criterion under this test.