Final answer:
Modernization theory suggests that low-income countries can advance economically through industrialization and technology, acknowledging a global relationship, contrary to the idea that industrialized nations have no link to the underdeveloped world.
Step-by-step explanation:
Modernization theory posits that countries go through evolutionary stages of development, and that industrialization and improved technology are essential for progress. However, the statement that modernization theory posits that the industrialized nations of the West have no relationship to the underdeveloped world is false. In fact, modernization theory acknowledges the existence of global inequality and suggests that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing through modernization processes. Nonetheless, critics argue that modernization theory has an ethnocentric bias by assuming all countries desire or have the capacity for industrialization in line with Western standards.