Final answer:
The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as 2.12 or more in a standard normal distribution, and for this one-tailed test, it's approximately 0.0170.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the p-value for a test with the hypotheses H₀:p=0.23 and H₁:p>0.23, and given a test statistic of z = 2.12, we need to find the probability that the z-score is greater than 2.12 in a standard normal distribution. This is a one-tailed test since the alternative hypothesis is looking for values greater than 0.23.
Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we identify the area to the right of z = 2.12. This area represents the p-value, which is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, the one observed given that the null hypothesis is true.
In a standard Z distribution, the area to the right of z = 2.12 is approximately 0.0170. Therefore, the p-value for this one-tailed test is 0.0170.