Question

The two main kinds of research methods that psychologists take are correlational (relationships) and experimental (causation). Briefly describe the nature of each kind of research method (How is the research done? What is the research trying to determine?).

Answer 1

Correlational research examines relationships between variables, while experimental research aims to determine causation by manipulating variables and observing their effects.

Step-by-step explanation:

The two main kinds of research methods in psychology are correlational and experimental.

Correlational research aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables. It examines how changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable, without establishing causation. For example, a study may find a positive correlation between hours of study and exam scores, suggesting that more studying is related to higher scores.

Experimental research, on the other hand, aims to determine causation by manipulating variables and observing their effects. It involves the formation of a hypothesis, the identification of dependent and independent variables, and the random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups. For example, a study may test the hypothesis that studying with music leads to lower productivity compared to studying in silence by randomly assigning participants to either study with music or study in silence and then measuring their productivity levels.

Answer 2

Correlational research explores relationships between variables but cannot establish causation, while experimental research tests causality by manipulating variables in a controlled setting. Both methods have strengths and limitations related to the control over variables, ethical considerations, and the ability to apply findings to real-world situations.

Step-by-step explanation:

Psychologists utilize various research methods to explore and understand behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it. Among these methods are correlational research and experimental research, which serve different purposes.

Correlational research aims to identify potential relationships between two or more variables, offering insights into how variables may influence one another. However, it does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship. This type of research can take the form of case studies, naturalistic observations, surveys, or archival research. They have the advantages of being able to collect data from large samples or offer in-depth information about a subject, but they are often limited by sample sizes or by the lack of control over the variables.

Experimental research, on the other hand, is conducted to determine causality by manipulating certain variables and controlling others to see the effect on a dependent variable. This method often takes place in a lab setting, which allows precise control over the environment and variables, leading to more reliable data. On the downside, experiments can be artificial and may not always reflect real-world conditions. Additionally, ethical concerns can limit experimental research on certain topics.