Final answer:
John Brown believed in armed insurrection, abolition of slavery, and racial equality, as reflected in his 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry. His dedication to these beliefs ultimately led to his execution and martyrdom, impacting the abolitionist movement and escalating sectional conflict.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Brown was a radical abolitionist who held three core beliefs. These beliefs were the use of armed insurrection to overthrow the institution of slavery, the immediate abolition of slavery, and racial equality among all people. This aligns with option (c) provided in the student's question. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859 was a testament to his commitment to these principles, as he and his followers attempted to initiate a slave uprising by seizing the federal arsenal there. Brown's actions before and during his trial, as well as his execution, further demonstrated his dedication to the cause. Despite failing to achieve his main objective, his raid and subsequent martyrdom became an important symbol for the abolitionist movement and heightened sectional tensions that eventually led to the Civil War.