Final answer:
Countries that urbanized later often did so due to remaining in an earlier stage of demographic transition, with high birth rates and less industrial development. These countries face the challenge of managing urban growth while addressing rural-urban inequality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two countries with later urbanization differ from those that urbanized earlier primarily in the stages of their respective economic development and demographic transitions. In earlier urbanizers, the movement from rural to urban areas was often driven by industrialization and a shift from agrarian economies to those focused on manufacturing and services. The Industrial Revolution played a significant role in this transition, fostering urban growth through technological advancements and changes in labor practices. These countries invested in education, developed industries, and underwent significant demographic changes that led to reduced family sizes and increased life expectancy.
Conversely, countries with later urbanization might still be in Stage 2 of the demographic transition, characterized by high birth rates but reduced mortality due to advances in medicine and nutrition. These societies may have larger and more satisfied rural populations, less industrial development, and may not have undergone the same technological shifts that drive urban growth. They may also face challenges managing the growth of their cities, with a significant proportion of the population still residing in rural areas.
These differences reflect varied paths in economic and social development, influencing the timing and nature of urbanization in these countries. As a result, the countries urbanizing later face the challenge of managing urban growth while still coping with issues like economic inequality between rural and urban areas.