Final answer:
The standard deduction on the federal income tax return consists of the b) basic standard deduction and the additional standard deduction; it does not include separate deductions for state and local taxes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The standard deduction is a portion of income not subject to tax that can be used to reduce your tax bill. In the United States, the standard deduction includes the basic standard deduction and the additional standard deduction. The basic standard deduction amount varies depending on filing status, such as single or married filing jointly, while the additional standard deduction may apply to certain taxpayers, such as the elderly or the blind. There isn’t a separate 'state standard deduction' that is part of this calculation on the federal tax return. However, it's important to note that the standard deduction is specific to federal income taxes and does not include deductions for state and local taxes, which are calculated separately and can sometimes be claimed as itemized deductions on the federal tax return if they exceed the standard deduction. Therefore, the correct answer would be that the standard deduction is the sum of the basic standard deduction and the additional standard deduction.