Final answer:
Hot flushes are common symptoms of menopause caused by hormonal changes, particularly fluctuating estrogen levels affecting the body's temperature regulation. The incidence varies among individuals, and while hormone therapy can alleviate symptoms, it carries potential risks, thus it should be used judiciously.
Step-by-step explanation:
Description, Cause, and Incidence of Hot Flushes
Hot flushes, also known as hot flashes, are a common symptom experienced during the menopausal transition, often referred to as peri-menopause. They are characterized by feelings of intense heat, sweating, and rapid heartbeat, often accompanied by a red, flushed face. The cause of hot flushes is believed to be related to changes in estrogen levels which affect the body's temperature regulation in the hypothalamus. As estrogen levels fluctuate and generally decline, the hypothalamus may mistakenly trigger the body's heat-release responses, including vasodilation and sweating. The incidence of hot flushes varies widely among individuals, with some experiencing severe symptoms while others may have none. Hot flushes can be particularly disruptive to sleep and overall quality of life.
During perimenopause, the hormonal imbalance, specifically the reduced level of progesterone and fluctuations in estrogen levels, are major contributing factors to the occurrence of hot flushes. Studies show that lifestyle factors can also influence the severity and frequency of these symptoms. Hormone therapy (HT) has been used to alleviate symptoms, but there is a debate about its benefits versus its risks, such as an increased risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and cardiovascular issues. HT is generally only recommended for use at the lowest dose and for the shortest time possible, often less than 5 years, and it is important for individuals taking HT to have regular health screenings.