Final answer:
To diagnose Vanessa's understanding of the addition algorithm, Mr. Spilker should choose a problem requiring regrouping in multiple places. Problem B. 541+297 is ideal as it necessitates regrouping in both the tens and hundreds places.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves Vanessa, a student, who incorrectly solved the addition problem 457+138 without regrouping.
Mr. Spilker is interested in determining whether Vanessa has a misunderstanding of the standard addition algorithm or if she simply made a careless error.
To test for a possible misunderstanding, it would be most useful for Mr. Spilker to give Vanessa a problem that requires regrouping in more than one place.
The addition problem that best fits this criterion is B. 541+297, where both tens and hundreds would need to be regrouped.