Final answer:
The building in Rome that the 1517 indulgences were intended to finance was St. Peter's Basilica. Martin Luther's disagreement with the sale of indulgences for this project was a key factor in his posting of the Ninety-five Theses and sparked the Protestant Reformation. The correct answer is option A).
Step-by-step explanation:
The indulgence that Martin Luther opposed in 1517 was indeed tied to the fundraising efforts for the construction of a major building in Rome. St. Peter's Basilica was the building for which the sale of indulgences was partially intended to finance its construction. Pope Leo X's authorization for these indulgences, being sold by Johann Tetzel near Wittenberg, ultimately led to Luther's Ninety-five Theses and sparked the Reformation. Luther fundamentally disagreed with the practice of indulgences as he believed it misrepresented the true path to salvation, which could not be purchased with money.
The controversy over indulgences was just one of Luther's many grievances with the Catholic Church, but it was a significant issue that catalyzed his actions and the wider Protestant Reformation.