Final answer:
The Parthenon and the Athenian Acropolis were built to celebrate victory and honor Athena, symbolizing Athens' prosperity and cultural achievement after the Persian War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Parthenon and the rest of the Athenian Acropolis were built in the late 5th century BCE as a celebration of victory and to honor the goddess Athena after the Persian War. The construction was led by the Athenian general and statesman Pericles, using tribute money, which caused discontent among other Greek city-states. The Acropolis became a sacred precinct featuring significant architecture such as the Propylaea, the Erechtheion, and the temple of Athena Nike, in addition to the imposing Parthenon, all of which were pinnacles of Classical Greek architecture and signified the economic prosperity and cultural dominance of Athens during the High Classical period.