Final answer:
The description relates to translation, the biological process where ribosomes synthesize proteins from an mRNA transcript using tRNA molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process described primarily relates to translation, which is the synthesis of proteins from an mRNA template. During translation, an mRNA transcript is 'read' by the ribosome made up of a large and a small subunit. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome, where they pair their anticodon with the complementary codon on the mRNA. This pairing occurs at specific sites within the ribosome: the A site (acceptor site) and the P site (peptidyl site). The tRNA in the P site holds the growing polypeptide chain, which is extended by the amino acid brought to the A site by another tRNA. The elongation stage of translation is characterized by the ribosome reading the mRNA and assembling the amino acids into a polypeptide chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, leading to termination. The resulting polypeptide then folds into a functional protein.