Final answer:
Water molecules indeed have subatomic particles and are made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms held together by covalent bonds. Water's polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds significantly influence its physical properties and make it a unique substance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that water molecules have no subatomic particles is false. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, each containing subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These scientific facts are essential in understanding the chemical structure of water and its unique properties. The electrons in the oxygen atom of a water molecule have a higher electron affinity compared to the electrons in the hydrogen atoms, contributing to water's polarity. This polarity allows for hydrogen bonds to form between water molecules, giving water its cohesion and adhesion characteristics.
Covalent bonds hold the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together within a water molecule. These bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, enabling each to complete its outer electron shell. Conversely, ionic bonds, which are based on the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions, do not typically dissociate in water. Water's molecular structure, including its polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds, significantly influences its physical properties, such as surface tension, boiling point, and specific heat capacity. These properties make water a unique substance with a major role in various biological and chemical processes.