Question

What are the changes made to additional evidence types outside the scope of NIBIN?

1) Fingerprints
2) DNA
3) Ballistics
4) D. Trace evidence

Answer 1

Additional evidence types outside of NIBIN's scope, such as DNA typing, fingerprint analysis, and trace evidence, have undergone advancements that enhance forensic investigations.

Step-by-step explanation:

The National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) primarily deals with ballistics evidence. Changes made to additional evidence types outside the scope of NIBIN include enhancements in DNA typing, fingerprint analysis, and trace evidence investigation. DNA analysis, as detailed in forensic literature, involves extracting DNA from samples such as hair, semen, or saliva, and using processes like gel electrophoresis for DNA fingerprinting. This method compares DNA fragments on the basis of size, allowing scientists to create a DNA profile that can be used in crime investigations. Fingerprint analysis has been refined through advanced digital techniques, increasing the accuracy of matching prints to individuals. Trace evidence, which includes fibers, paints, and other materials from a crime scene, is meticulously analyzed to establish connections between suspects, victims, and the crime scene. While NIBIN is focused on ballistics, these other forms of evidence are crucial in building a comprehensive forensic case.

Answer 2

Advancements in fingerprint analysis, DNA typing, and trace evidence examination have expanded the scope of evidence types beyond NIBIN’s ballistics focus. DNA fingerprinting techniques, like gel electrophoresis, are used to analyze and compare biological samples, while a bachelor's degree in science is recommended for those pursuing a career in forensic science.

The correct option is 2.

Step-by-step explanation:

The changes made to additional evidence types outside the scope of the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN) include advancements in fingerprint analysis, DNA typing, and the examination of trace evidence. In forensic science, fingerprints are analyzed using increasingly sophisticated technology for unique patterns.

DNA typing has evolved immensely with the discovery of DNA, where forensic scientists analyze biological samples such as hair, semen, saliva, and blood. Methods like gel electrophoresis are used in DNA fingerprinting to compare DNA samples against known profiles. Trace evidence, which includes fibers, hair, soil, and more, is examined using a variety of microscopic and chemical techniques to establish connections between suspects, victims, and crime scenes.

Example of DNA Fingerprinting Process:

DNA isolation from body fluids like blood, semen, or saliva.

Amplification of DNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Application of restriction enzymes to DNA samples.

Placement of DNA/enzyme mixture in agarose gel for electrophoresis.

Apply electric current to separate DNA by size.

Stain the DNA bands to visualize and compare.

Those interested in a career in forensic science should pursue a bachelor's degree in fields such as chemistry, biology, or physics and gain laboratory experience.

The correct option is 2.