Final answer:
Neurons in V1 are tuned to specific orientations of light bars, and there is a different preference distribution among these neurons. Rods and cones are types of photoreceptors with rods being more sensitive to light and cones enabling color vision through differential wavelength sensitivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurons in V1 are sensitive to a particular orientation of bars of light. There are differentially distributed preferences among these neurons with respect to the angle of light bar orientation they respond to most strongly. This can be tied into the broader context of visual perception, where the retina plays a crucial role with its photoreceptors: rods and cones.
Rods are extremely sensitive to light and do not contribute to color vision, which is why we mostly see in shades of grey in low-light conditions. Cones, on the other hand, are responsible for day and color vision. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light: S cones (short-wave light), M cones (medium-wave light), and L cones (long-wave light). These cones enable the trichromatic color vision in primates by responding to different ranges of wavelengths.
From an anatomical perspective, rods are located mostly in the periphery of the retina while cones are concentrated in the central fovea. This distribution contributes to the specificity of V1 neuron responses and the detailed color vision we experience in well-lit conditions.