Question

A nurse is giving dietary advice to a patient who is on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. Which dietary instructions are appropriate for this patient?

1) High-calorie foods
2) High-protein foods
3) High-potassium content
4) High-phosphorus content
5) High-fluid intake

Answer 1

For a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, appropriate dietary instructions are high-calorie and high-protein foods, while limiting high-potassium and high-phosphorus foods. Fluid intake should also be managed carefully to avoid fluid overload.

Step-by-step explanation:

Dietary Instructions for Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

For a patient who is on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for chronic renal failure, specific dietary modifications are necessary to manage their health. Appropriate dietary instructions would include:

• High-calorie foods to meet energy needs due to the loss of calories during dialysis.
• High-protein foods because proteins can be lost during dialysis, and it is essential to repair tissues and maintain a proper nutritional status.
• A diet low in potassium to prevent hyperkalemia, as damaged kidneys can't remove excess potassium efficiently.
• A diet low in phosphorus to prevent hyperphosphatemia, which can occur as the kidneys are less able to excrete phosphate.
• Limited fluid intake to avoid fluid overload, as the kidneys are less able to maintain fluid balance.

Prevention strategies in kidney health include a diet low in protein, nitrogen, and sodium intake; reducing high-potassium and high-phosphorus foods; and having enough fluid intake to produce 2 to 2.5 liters of urine per day. However, for a CAPD patient, the fluid intake may need to be adjusted based on the dialysis process and residual kidney function.