Final answer:
The hypothetical state law that would prohibit trade between California and other states would likely be unconstitutional, as the Constitution reserves the power to regulate interstate trade for the federal government and prohibits states from imposing taxes or tariffs on imports from other states. It may also face legal challenges if it discriminates against minorities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the legality of a hypothetical state law that would prohibit trade and taxes between California and other states. Under the United States Constitution, such a law would likely be unconstitutional. Specifically, Section 10 Clause 2 of the Constitution restricts states from imposing tariffs or taxes on imports from other states, as this power is reserved for the federal government. Moreover, the Constitution prohibits states from discriminating against or favoring the trade of certain states.
Additionally, any state law that discriminates against minorities and creates inequality could be subject to judicial review and potentially struck down under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The hypothetical law also seems to raise issues about the treatment of new residents and their eligibility for social welfare benefits, touching upon constitutional provisions against such discrimination.
The historical backdrop provided, such as the case with Proposition 187 in California, illustrates the potential for conflicts with federal immigration law and the resulting legal and political debates. The prohibition against discrimination in trade serves to maintain a fair and uniform economic system across state lines, essential for the smooth operation of the national economy.