Final answer:
Meiosis generates genetic variety through crossing-over in Prophase I, independent assortment during Metaphase I, and random fertilization. These events ensure the production of genetically unique gametes, differentiating meiosis from mitosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Events in Meiosis Contributing to Genetic Variation
The process of meiosis contributes to genetic variety in offspring through several critical events:
Crossing-over during Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes exchange segments, resulting in new combinations of genes.
Independent Assortment during Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up independently of each other, leading to a random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes to the gametes.
Random Fertilization: The combination of two gametes during fertilization adds to the genetic diversity of the offspring.
These mechanisms ensure that each gamete is genetically unique, contributing to the variation observed within a species. Moreover, the difference between meiosis and mitosis is that meiosis produces four genetically distinct haploid cells, while mitosis results in two identical diploid cells.