Final answer:
Competition between party members for office can lead to increased polarization, a lack of cooperation, negative campaigning, and personal attacks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Competition between party members for office can lead to various outcomes. One of the main effects is an increase in polarization within political parties. As candidates compete for nominations and support from party members, they may adopt more extreme positions in order to differentiate themselves and appeal to their base.
This can result in a lack of cooperation and compromise within the party, as members become more ideologically divided. Additionally, competition for office can lead to negative campaigning and personal attacks, as candidates try to discredit their opponents in order to gain an advantage. Overall, competition between party members for office can intensify political divisions and make it more difficult for parties to work together effectively.