Final answer:
The process of automatically transitioning from a malfunctioning system to a backup is known as failover, which allows continuous operation during failures. (option C)
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of automatically switching from a malfunctioning system to another system is called failover. It is a backup operational mode in which the functions of a system are assumed by secondary system components when the primary system components become unavailable due to failure or scheduled downtimes such as maintenance or repair. This ensures continuity of operation for critical systems without any major interruptions.
Fail-safe (Option A) generally refers to a system designed to operate safely even in the event of a failure, but it doesn't necessarily involve automatic switching to another system.
Redundancy (Option B) is a broader concept involving the provision of backup components, and failover is one implementation of redundancy.
Failover (Option C) precisely describes the automatic transition from a malfunctioning system to another operational system.
Hot site (Option D) refers to a fully equipped and operational backup facility, but it doesn't specifically address the automatic switching process.
The correct term for the automatic switching from a malfunctioning system to another system is C. Failover.