Question

While teaching about the large intestine to a group of nursing students, the nurse educator explains that various microbes, mainly bacteria, live symbiotically in the large intestine. What are the functions of these microbial floras? Select all that apply.

a. Breakdown of starch
b. Breakdown of amino acids
c. Synthesis of vitamin K
d. Synthesis of vitamin D
e. Suppression of flatus

Answer 1

Microbial flora in the large intestine plays roles such as synthesizing vitamin K and breaking down amino acids. While these bacteria contribute to gas production, their activity in the breakdown of food can mitigate flatus to some extent. The breakdown of starch and synthesis of vitamin D are not primary functions of these gut bacteria. The correct options are B, C, and E.

Step-by-step explanation:

The functions of the microbial flora in the large intestine are numerous and provide essential benefits to the human host. Below are the functions that apply:

• Synthesis of vitamin K: Gut bacteria, such as E. coli, can help the body produce vitamin K, which plays a crucial role in blood clotting.
• Breakdown of amino acids: Certain bacteria aid in the decomposition of amino acids, which results in the creation of bioactive compounds and gases.
• Suppression of flatus: Although bacteria contribute to gas production, they can also break down food substances, thus potentially mitigating the amount of gas produced.

However, the breakdown of starch is not a primary function attributed to large intestine bacteria, as most starch digestion occurs in the small intestine. Similarly, the synthesis of vitamin D is not a significant function as this process mainly involves the skin and kidneys, in response to sunlight exposure.