Final answer:
The Canadian region characterized by high latitude and cold temperatures, with total darkness in the winter and 100% sunlight in the summer, is called the Arctic. It is located above the Arctic Circle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Canadian region characterized by high latitude and cold temperatures, with total darkness in the winter and 100% sunlight in the summer, is called the Arctic. It is located above the Arctic Circle, which is a line of latitude at 66.5 degrees North. Due to its location, the Arctic experiences extreme variations in daylight throughout the year.