Final answer:
The Great Pyramids and Great Sphinx in Giza served as burial sites for pharaohs and symbolized their resurrection as gods in the afterlife, with the correct answer being options 1 and 3.
Step-by-step explanation:
The function of the Great Pyramids and Great Sphinx in Giza, Egypt during the Old Kingdom was multifaceted. Primarily, the three main pyramids at Giza were constructed to act as burial sites for the pharaohs, with the largest belonging to King Khufu, the middle to his son Khafre, and the smallest to his son Menkaure. The Old Kingdom society centered around the production of agricultural surpluses, which were utilized for building these grand structures.
The pyramids were tombs, ensuring the pharaohs' spirits could travel to the land of the dead and join the gods in the afterlife. This concept was rooted in the Egyptian belief in multiple elements of the soul, such as the Ka and Ba, both requiring the physical body preserved by mummification. The pyramids and the associated complex, including the valley temples, served as long-lasting memorials and places of worship for the deceased king, symbolizing, among other things, the potential for resurrection and godhood in the afterlife.
Therefore, while not serving as transportation devices, the elaborate design of the pyramids and the Sphinx indeed epitomizes the idea that these structures are a means through which the king could be part of the sacred order and balance, known as ma'at, in the afterlife. They also served to celebrate the king's legacy and memory in a perpetual manner. Hence, the correct answer to the student's multiple-choice question would be:
1) Acted as burial sites for the pharaohs and 3) Symbolized the resurrection of individuals as gods in the afterlife. Thus making the correct answer in the final analysis options 1 and 3.