Final answer:
The output number from the second machine is determined by calculating the marginal cost, which is the difference in total costs associated with producing additional units of output.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the concept of marginal cost in production technology. To determine the number that would be output from the second machine, we must understand how the marginal cost of production changes as additional units are produced. Based on the given information, as output increases from 1 to 2 units, the total cost increases from a certain amount to another, and the marginal cost is simply the difference between the total cost for the second unit and the total cost for the first unit.