Final answer:
The Renaissance was a period of intellectual and artistic renewal in Europe during the 15th century. It was characterized by the growth of European monarchies, the study of classical works, and an increased interest in intellectual and artistic activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Renaissance, which began in the 15th century in Europe, was a period of intellectual and artistic renewal. During this time, European monarchies grew in number and power, and there was a shift towards city-state governments. People studied the classical works of ancient Greece and Rome, which influenced various aspects of society including art, architecture, philosophy, and literature. Interest in intellectual and artistic activities also increased, leading to advancements in science, art, mathematics, and engineering.