Final answer:
The Nobel Prize-winning scientist among the listed choices is Barbara McClintock, who was recognized for her discovery of mobile genetic elements or transposons in 1983.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Nobel Prize-winning scientist in question is Barbara McClintock. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of mobile genetic elements or transposons. Her innovative work on maize cytogenetics in the 1940s and 1950s significantly advanced our understanding of genetics. Although other names such as Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon are notable contributors to science, they were not Nobel laureates; Darwin predated the Nobel Prize, and Bacon was active much earlier in history. None of the scientists Darwin, DeVries, Mollier, or Bacon received a Nobel Prize, therefore the correct answer is Barbara McClintock.