Final answer:
The effective nuclear charge felt by an electron in a 3d orbital is typically lower than that felt by an electron in a 3p orbital due to increased shielding and lesser penetration of the 3d orbitals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effective nuclear charge felt by an electron in a 3d orbital is different from that felt by an electron in a 3p orbital primarily due to the concept of shielding and orbital penetration. Shielding occurs because electrons in inner shells repel electrons in outer shells, effectively reducing the full positive charge of the nucleus that an electron feels. Since 3p electrons are more penetrating (meaning they are closer to the nucleus) than 3d electrons, they experience less shielding from other electrons and are more attracted to the nucleus. Consequently, an electron in a 3p orbital would generally feel a higher effective nuclear charge than an electron in a 3d orbital. The 3d orbitals also have a higher energy level and a more complex shape, which contributes to their reduced interaction with the nucleus as compared to the 3p orbitals.