Final answer:
Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about groups of people that fail to appreciate individual variability. Racist stereotypes in the U.S. have perpetuated discrimination against Black individuals, with specific stereotypes portraying Black women as domestic 'mammies' and Black men as either non-threatening 'Uncle Toms' or criminalized figures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Stereotypes are oversimplified and broadly applied generalizations about groups of people that do not account for individual differences. These stereotypes can be based on various characteristics such as race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. In the historical context, particularly within the United States, racist stereotypes have been deeply ingrained in society and have been used to justify and perpetuate discrimination and prejudice, especially towards Black individuals.
The term mentioned referring to a 'stereotype of a fat domestic woman who loves taking care of white people' is known as the 'mammy' stereotype. The 'mammy' is depicted as an asexual, maternal figure, which comes from the historical portrayal of Black women as loyal and submissive domestic servants in white households. On the other hand, the 'stereotype about "uppity" black men who thinks they're much more savvy and sophisticated than they really are' is often associated with the image of an 'Uncle Tom,' a term derived from the character in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, implying submissiveness and a lack of defiance towards white authority.
A 'stereotype of a loud, obnoxious, nagging black woman' could be a modern iteration of the negative portrayal of Black women as aggressive or confrontational, which serves to dismiss their experiences or opinions. The 'dehumanizing stereotype of black children' often strips away the innocence commonly associated with childhood, instead portraying Black children as older than they are or attributing to them negative adult qualities. '
A 'stereotype about black men that became popular after the Civil War' typically refers to the false notion of Black men as inherently dangerous or criminal, which was used to incite fear and justify violence against them. Lastly, the 'stereotype of a joyful, childlike, docile black man who loves to sing and isn't too bright' describes the "Uncle Tom'' stereotype, projecting a non-threatening and submissive image of Black men that upholds the white supremacist hierarchy.