Final answer:
Muhammad called upon one god named Allah, aligning with the monotheistic beliefs of Judaism and Christianity. He is considered the last prophet of a monotheistic tradition that includes prophets recognized by Jews and Christians, establishing Islam’s connection as an Abrahamic faith.
Step-by-step explanation:
Muhammad believed in one god, similar to the monotheistic beliefs of Jews and Christians. The god he called upon is named Allah, which is the Arabic word for 'the one God'. This concept is deeply rooted in the founding of Islam, with its origins in the city of Mecca. Muhammad is seen as the final prophet in a long line of prophets through which Allah communicated, a lineage that includes notable figures such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muhammad's role was that of a messenger, to proclaim the oneness of God and restore the pure monotheistic faith that was previously revealed but had become corrupted over time. Islam, therefore, shares a common spiritual ancestry with Judaism and Christianity, all of which are considered Abrahamic faiths due to their recognition of Abraham as a pivotal figure.