Final answer:
The correct technology is eDNA (environmental DNA), which allows scientists to detect species by analyzing water samples for the DNA those organisms leave behind. It is advantageous for early detection of invasive species, endangered species monitoring, and biodiversity studies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technology that enables scientists to detect the presence of certain species in bodies of water without coming into contact with them is eDNA (environmental DNA). eDNA refers to genetic material obtained directly from environmental samples, such as soil, sediment, water, or even air, without any obvious signs of biological source material. In the context of aquatic environments, it allows for the detection of species by analyzing water samples for the DNA fragments that organisms leave behind, such as skin cells, scales, waste, or mucus.
Techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can amplify these DNA fragments, making it possible to identify the species present in a water body effectively and accurately. This approach is particularly beneficial for early detection of invasive species, monitoring of endangered species, and studying biodiversity. eDNA methods are typically more sensitive than traditional methods, as they can detect low numbers of specimens that may be hidden within the local species pools.