Final answer:
Scientists in a case-control study compare individuals with the condition in question to individuals who do not have the condition for research purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a case-control study, scientists compare individuals who have the condition in question with individuals who do not have the condition.
The statement is true. In a case-control study, researchers choose a group of individuals who have the condition or trait being studied (cases) and compare them to a group of similar individuals who do not have the condition or trait (controls). This allows them to identify potential differences between the two groups and draw conclusions about the association between the condition and certain factors.