Final answer:
Doubling the pre-industrial CO₂ concentration from 280 ppm would result in a 3.0°C temperature increase due to a radiative forcing of approximately 3.7 W/m² and a climate sensitivity of 0.8°C per W/m², considering feedbacks. This relationship is logarithmic, so subsequent CO₂ increases have a progressively smaller incremental warming effect. Additionally, rising CO₂ levels can lead to ocean acidification, affecting marine life.
Step-by-step explanation:
Temperature Increase Resulting from CO₂ Concentration Doubling
When considering the impact of additional carbon, specifically carbon dioxide (CO₂), on global temperatures, it is important to reference the concept of radiative forcing and climate sensitivity. Pre-industrial CO₂ levels were at 280 parts per million (ppm). According to the information provided, doubling this CO₂ concentration to 560 ppm would result in a radiative forcing of approximately 3.7 watts per square meter (W/m²). Climate models suggest that with a climate sensitivity of 0.8°C per W/m², this doubling would lead to an estimated temperature increase of about 3.0°C, with consideration for feedback mechanisms. This temperature increase is logarithmic rather than linear, meaning that additional increments of CO₂ will contribute to warming at a decreasing rate due to the saturation of the CO₂ absorption feature.
Understanding the repercussions of increased atmospheric CO₂, particularly from burning fossil fuels, extends beyond just temperature. The question highlights that higher levels of atmospheric CO₂ can lead to ocean acidification, posing challenges for sea life, especially those producing calcareous exoskeletons. This aspect underlines the complex nature of climate change and the myriad of environmental consequences resulting from increased greenhouse gas emissions.